iscntrl
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
#include <cctype>
using std::iscntrl;
using std::isgraph;
using std::isprint;
using std::ispunct;
using std::isspace;
int main()
{
cout << "\nAccording to iscntrl:\nNewline "
<< ( iscntrl( "\n" ) ? "is a" : "is not a" )
<< " control character\n"
<< ( iscntrl( "$" ) ? "$ is a" : "$ is not a" )
<< " control character\n";
return 0;
}According to iscntrl:
Newline is a control character
$ is not a control character
isgraph
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
#include <cctype>
using std::iscntrl;
using std::isgraph;
using std::isprint;
using std::ispunct;
using std::isspace;
int main()
{
cout << "\nAccording to isgraph:\n"
<< ( isgraph( "Q" ) ? "Q is a" : "Q is not a" )
<< " printing character other than a space\nSpace "
<< ( isgraph(" ") ? "is a" : "is not a" )
<< " printing character other than a space" << endl;
return 0;
}According to isgraph:
Q is a printing character other than a space
Space is not a printing character other than a space
islower
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
#include <cctype>
using std::islower;
using std::isupper;
using std::tolower;
using std::toupper;
int main()
{
cout << "According to islower:\n"
<< ( islower( "p" ) ? "p is a" : "p is not a" )
<< " lowercase letter\n"
<< ( islower( "P" ) ? "P is a" : "P is not a" )
<< " lowercase letter\n"
<< ( islower( "5" ) ? "5 is a" : "5 is not a" )
<< " lowercase letter\n"
<< ( islower( "!" ) ? "! is a" : "! is not a" )
<< " lowercase letter\n";
return 0;
}According to islower:
p is a lowercase letter
P is not a lowercase letter
5 is not a lowercase letter
! is not a lowercase letter
isprint
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
#include <cctype>
using std::iscntrl;
using std::isgraph;
using std::isprint;
using std::ispunct;
using std::isspace;
int main()
{
cout << "\nAccording to isprint:\n"
<< ( isprint( "$" ) ? "$ is a" : "$ is not a" )
<< " printing character\nAlert "
<< ( isprint( "\a" ) ? "is a" : "is not a" )
<< " printing character\nSpace "
<< ( isprint( " " ) ? "is a" : "is not a" )
<< " printing character\n";
return 0;
}According to isprint:
$ is a printing character
Alert is not a printing character
Space is a printing character
ispunct
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
#include <cctype>
using std::iscntrl;
using std::isgraph;
using std::isprint;
using std::ispunct;
using std::isspace;
int main()
{
cout << "\nAccording to ispunct:\n"
<< ( ispunct( ";" ) ? "; is a" : "; is not a" )
<< " punctuation character\n"
<< ( ispunct( "Y" ) ? "Y is a" : "Y is not a" )
<< " punctuation character\n"
<< ( ispunct("#") ? "# is a" : "# is not a" )
<< " punctuation character\n";
return 0;
}According to ispunct:
; is a punctuation character
Y is not a punctuation character
# is a punctuation character
isspace
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
#include <cctype>
using std::iscntrl;
using std::isgraph;
using std::isprint;
using std::ispunct;
using std::isspace;
int main()
{
cout << "According to isspace:\nNewline "
<< ( isspace( "\n" ) ? "is a" : "is not a" )
<< " whitespace character\nHorizontal tab "
<< ( isspace( "\t" ) ? "is a" : "is not a" )
<< " whitespace character\n"
<< ( isspace( " is a" : " is not a" )
<< " whitespace character\n";
return 0;
}According to isspace:
Newline is a whitespace character
Horizontal tab is a whitespace character
% is not a whitespace character
isupper
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
#include <cctype>
using std::islower;
using std::isupper;
using std::tolower;
using std::toupper;
int main()
{
cout << "\nAccording to isupper:\n"
<< ( isupper( "D" ) ? "D is an" : "D is not an" )
<< " uppercase letter\n"
<< ( isupper( "d" ) ? "d is an" : "d is not an" )
<< " uppercase letter\n"
<< ( isupper( "8" ) ? "8 is an" : "8 is not an" )
<< " uppercase letter\n"
<< ( isupper("$") ? "$ is an" : "$ is not an" )
<< " uppercase letter\n";
return 0;
}According to isupper:
D is an uppercase letter
d is not an uppercase letter
8 is not an uppercase letter
$ is not an uppercase letter
toupper and tolower
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
#include <cctype>
using std::islower;
using std::isupper;
using std::tolower;
using std::toupper;
int main()
{
cout << "\nu converted to uppercase is "
<< static_cast< char >( toupper( "u" ) )
<< "\n7 converted to uppercase is "
<< static_cast< char >( toupper( "7" ) )
<< "\n$ converted to uppercase is "
<< static_cast< char >( toupper( "$" ) )
<< "\nL converted to lowercase is "
<< static_cast< char >( tolower( "L" ) ) << endl;
return 0;
}u converted to uppercase is U
7 converted to uppercase is 7
$ converted to uppercase is $
L converted to lowercase is l
Using functions isalnum
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
#include <cctype>
using std::isalnum;
using std::isalpha;
using std::isdigit;
using std::isxdigit;
int main()
{
cout << "\nAccording to isalnum:\n"
<< ( isalnum( "A" ) ? "A is a" : "A is not a" )
<< " digit or a letter\n"
<< ( isalnum( "8" ) ? "8 is a" : "8 is not a" )
<< " digit or a letter\n"
<< ( isalnum( "#" ) ? "# is a" : "# is not a" )
<< " digit or a letter\n";
return 0;
}According to isalnum:
A is a digit or a letter
8 is a digit or a letter
# is not a digit or a letter
Using functions isalpha
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
#include <cctype>
using std::isalnum;
using std::isalpha;
using std::isdigit;
using std::isxdigit;
int main()
{
cout << "\nAccording to isalpha:\n"
<< ( isalpha( "A" ) ? "A is a" : "A is not a" ) << " letter\n"
<< ( isalpha( "b" ) ? "b is a" : "b is not a" ) << " letter\n"
<< ( isalpha( "&" ) ? "& is a" : "& is not a" ) << " letter\n"
<< ( isalpha( "4" ) ? "4 is a" : "4 is not a" ) << " letter\n";
return 0;
}According to isalpha:
A is a letter
b is a letter
& is not a letter
4 is not a letter
Using functions isdigit
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
#include <cctype>
using std::isalnum;
using std::isalpha;
using std::isdigit;
using std::isxdigit;
int main()
{
cout << "According to isdigit:\n"
<< ( isdigit( "8" ) ? "8 is a" : "8 is not a" ) << " digit\n"
<< ( isdigit( "#" ) ? "# is a" : "# is not a" ) << " digit\n";
return 0;
}According to isdigit:
8 is a digit
# is not a digit
Using functions isxdigit
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
#include <cctype>
using std::isalnum;
using std::isalpha;
using std::isdigit;
using std::isxdigit;
int main()
{
cout << "\nAccording to isxdigit:\n"
<< ( isxdigit( "F" ) ? "F is a" : "F is not a" )
<< " hexadecimal digit\n"
<< ( isxdigit( "J" ) ? "J is a" : "J is not a" )
<< " hexadecimal digit\n"
<< ( isxdigit( "7" ) ? "7 is a" : "7 is not a" )
<< " hexadecimal digit\n"
<< ( isxdigit( "$" ) ? "$ is a" : "$ is not a" )
<< " hexadecimal digit\n"
<< ( isxdigit( "f" ) ? "f is a" : "f is not a" )
<< " hexadecimal digit" << endl;
return 0;
}According to isxdigit:
F is a hexadecimal digit
J is not a hexadecimal digit
7 is a hexadecimal digit
$ is not a hexadecimal digit
f is a hexadecimal digit
Using strrchr: index a character in a string
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char *string1 = "this is a test";
int c = "t";
cout << "last occurrence of character "" << (char) c
<< "" is: \"" << strrchr( string1, c ) << "\"" << endl;
return 0;
}
