C++/STL Algorithms Helper/accumulate

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accumulate( ) computes a summation of all of the elements within a specified range and returns the result.

  
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <numeric>
using namespace std;
   
int main()
{
  vector<int> v(5);
  int i, total;
   
  for(i=0; i<5; i++) v[i] = i;
   
  total = accumulate(v.begin(), v.end(), 0);
   
  cout << total;
   
  return 0;
}


accumulate value in a vector

  
#include <numeric>
#include <vector>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
double arithmeticMean(const vector<int>& nums)
{
  double sum = accumulate(nums.begin(), nums.end(), 0);
  return (sum / nums.size());
}
int product(int num1, int num2)
{
  return (num1 * num2);
}
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
  vector<int> myVector;
  myVector.push_back(1);
  myVector.push_back(2);
  myVector.push_back(3);
  myVector.push_back(4);
  cout << "The arithmetic mean is " << arithmeticMean(myVector) << endl;
  return (0);
}


Algorithm: Use accumulate to calculate product

  
 
//
/* The following code example is taken from the book
 * "The C++ Standard Library - A Tutorial and Reference"
 * by Nicolai M. Josuttis, Addison-Wesley, 1999
 *
 * (C) Copyright Nicolai M. Josuttis 1999.
 * Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and distribute this software
 * is granted provided this copyright notice appears in all copies.
 * This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
 * warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
 */
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <deque>
#include <list>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <functional>
#include <numeric>
using namespace std;
/* PRINT_ELEMENTS()
 * - prints optional C-string optcstr followed by
 * - all elements of the collection coll
 * - separated by spaces
 */
template <class T>
inline void PRINT_ELEMENTS (const T& coll, const char* optcstr="")
{
    typename T::const_iterator pos;
    std::cout << optcstr;
    for (pos=coll.begin(); pos!=coll.end(); ++pos) {
        std::cout << *pos << " ";
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;
}
/* INSERT_ELEMENTS (collection, first, last)
 * - fill values from first to last into the collection
 * - NOTE: NO half-open range
 */
template <class T>
inline void INSERT_ELEMENTS (T& coll, int first, int last)
{
    for (int i=first; i<=last; ++i) {
        coll.insert(coll.end(),i);
    }
}

int main()
{
    vector<int> coll;
    INSERT_ELEMENTS(coll,1,9);
    PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll);

    // process product of elements
    cout << "product: "
         << accumulate (coll.begin(), coll.end(),    // range
                        1,                           // initial value
                        multiplies<int>())           // operation
         << endl;
    // process product of elements (use 0 as initial value)
    cout << "product: "
         << accumulate (coll.begin(), coll.end(),    // range
                        0,                           // initial value
                        multiplies<int>())           // operation
         << endl;
}
/* 
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
product: 362880
product: 0
 */


Calculate sum of elements in a vector

  
 
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>
int main()
{
   std::ostream_iterator< int > output( cout, " " );
   int a2[ 10 ] = { 100, 2, 8, 1, 50, 3, 8, 8, 9, 10 };
   std::vector< int > v2( a2, a2 + 10 ); // copy of a2
   cout << "\n\nVector v2 contains: ";
   std::copy( v2.begin(), v2.end(), output );
   // calculate sum of elements in v
   cout << "\n\nThe total of the elements in Vector v is: "
      << std::accumulate( v2.begin(), v2.end(), 0 );
   cout << endl;
   return 0;
}
/* 

Vector v2 contains: 100 2 8 1 50 3 8 8 9 10
The total of the elements in Vector v is: 199
 */


Compute the mean float mean with accumulate function

  
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <numeric>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
template <class T>
void print(T& c){
   for( typename T::iterator i = c.begin(); i != c.end(); i++ ){
      std::cout << *i << endl;
   }
}
int main( )
{
   const float a[] = { 1, 1.3, 1.5, 0.9, 0.1, 0.2};
   // create and initialize vector with above data
   vector<float> data( a,a + sizeof( a ) / sizeof( a[0] ) );
   cout << "DATA VECTOR HAS " << data.size() << " ELEMENTS\n";
   print( data  );
   // compute the mean
   float mean = accumulate( data.begin(), data.end(), 0.0f )/ data.size();
}


Demonstrating the generic accumulate algorithm with a reverse iterator

  
 
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <cassert>
#include <numeric>  // For accumulate
using namespace std; 
int main()
{
  float small = (float)1.0/(1 << 26);
  float x[5] = {1.0, 3*small, 2*small, small, small};
  
  vector<float> vector1(&x[0], &x[5]); 
  cout << "Values to be added: " << endl;
  vector<float>::iterator i;
  cout.precision(10);
  for (i = vector1.begin(); i != vector1.end(); ++i)
    cout << *i << endl;
  cout << endl;
  float sum1 = accumulate(vector1.rbegin(), vector1.rend(),(float)0.0);
  cout << "Sum accumulated from right = " << (double)sum1 << endl;
  return 0;
}
/* 
Values to be added:
1
4.470348358e-008
2.980232239e-008
1.490116119e-008
1.490116119e-008
Sum accumulated from right = 1.000000119
 */


Finding the Mean Value

  
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <numeric>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
   // miles per gallon for different cars in fleet
   const float mpg_data[] = { 1.1, 9.9, 8.8, 3.3, 2.2, 2.2,4.4 };
   // create a vector and initialize it with the above data
   vector<float> mpg( mpg_data,mpg_data + sizeof( mpg_data ) / sizeof( mpg_data[0] ) );
   // mean
   float fleet_average = accumulate( mpg.begin(), mpg.end(), 0.0 )/ mpg.size();
   cout << fleet_average << endl;
}


Illustrating the generic accumulate algorithm with predicate

  
 
#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <numeric>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
  int x[20];
  
  for (int i = 0; i < 20; ++i)
    x[i] = i;
 // Show that 10 * 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 == 240:
  int result = accumulate(&x[1], &x[5], 10, multiplies<int>());
  cout << result;
 
  
  return 0;
}
/* 
240
 */


Use accumulate() and minus()

  
#include <iostream>
#include <numeric>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
   double v1[3] = {1.0, 2.2, 4.3}, sum;
   sum = accumulate(v1, v1 + 3, 0.0, minus<int>());
   cout << "sum = " << sum << endl;
}


Use accumulate to calculate sum for double array with minus()

  
#include <iostream>
#include <numeric>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
   double v1[3] = {1.0, 2.2, 4.3}, sum;
   sum = accumulate(v1, v1 + 3, 0.0, minus<int>());
   cout << "sum = " << sum << endl;
}