A simple output manipulator
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
ostream &sethex(ostream &stream)
{
stream.setf(ios::showbase);
stream.setf(ios::hex, ios::basefield);
return stream;
}
int main()
{
cout << 256 << " " << sethex << 256;
return 0;
}256 0x100"
Create an output manipulator
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
ostream &mySetting(ostream &stream)
{
stream.setf(ios::left);
stream << setw(10) << setfill("$");
return stream;
}
int main()
{
cout << 10 << " " << mySetting << 10;
return 0;
}10 10$$$$$$$$
Create custom ostream operator
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
ostream &sethex(ostream &stream){
stream.setf(ios::showbase);
stream.setf(ios::hex);
return stream;
}
int main(void){
cout << 256 << " " << sethex << 256;
}Create user-defined, nonparameterized stream manipulators: bell manipulator (using escape sequence \a)
#include <iostream>
using std::ostream;
using std::cout;
using std::flush;
ostream& bell( ostream& output )
{
return output << "\a"; // issue system beep
}
int main()
{
cout << bell; // use bell manipulator
return 0;
}Create user-defined, nonparameterized stream manipulators: carriageReturn manipulator (using escape sequence \r)
#include <iostream>
using std::ostream;
using std::cout;
using std::flush;
ostream& carriageReturn( ostream& output )
{
return output << "\r"; // issue carriage return
}
int main()
{
cout << carriageReturn << "-----" ;
return 0;
}EndLine manipulator (using escape sequence \n and member function flush)
#include <iostream>
using std::ostream;
using std::cout;
using std::flush;
ostream& endLine( ostream& output )
{
return output << "\n" << flush; // issue endl-like end of line
}
int main()
{
cout << "-----" << endLine;
return 0;
}-----
ostream flag
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
ostream &ra(ostream &stream)
{
stream << "-------------- ";
return stream;
}
// Left Arrow
ostream &la(ostream &stream)
{
stream << "*************";
return stream;
}
int main()
{
cout << ra << 1233.23 << "\n";
cout << ra << 567.66 << la;
return 0;
}-------------- 1233.23
-------------- 567.66*************"
tab manipulator (using escape sequence \t)
#include <iostream>
using std::ostream;
using std::cout;
using std::flush;
ostream& tab( ostream& output )
{
return output << "\t"; // issue tab
}
int main()
{
cout << tab << "b" << tab << "c" ;
return 0;
}b c
Using the endl stream manipulator.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "Welcome to ";
cout << "C++!";
cout << endl; // end line stream manipulator
return 0;
}
