C++ Tutorial/vector/vector — различия между версиями

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Текущая версия на 10:29, 25 мая 2010

Add class to a vector and then delete them one by one

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
class MyClass {
};
int main( ) {
   vector<MyClass*> vec;
   MyClass* p = NULL;
   for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
      p = new MyClass( );
      vec.push_back(p);
   }
   for (vector<MyClass*>::iterator pObj = vec.begin( );
        pObj != vec.end( ); ++pObj) {
      delete *pObj;
   }
   vec.clear( );
}

Assign elements in int array to vector

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <cassert>
#include <numeric>  // for accumulate
using namespace std;
int main()
{
  int x[5] = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11};
  vector<int> vector1(&x[0], &x[5]);
  int sum = accumulate(vector1.begin(), vector1.end(), 0);
  cout << sum << endl;
  return 0;
}
28

Assign value to the last element

/* The following code example is taken from the book
 * "The C++ Standard Library - A Tutorial and Reference"
 * by Nicolai M. Josuttis, Addison-Wesley, 1999
 *
 * (C) Copyright Nicolai M. Josuttis 1999.
 * Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and distribute this software
 * is granted provided this copyright notice appears in all copies.
 * This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
 * warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
 */
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    // create empty vector for strings
    vector<string> sentence;
    // reserve memory for five elements to avoid reallocation
    sentence.reserve(5);
    // append some elements
    sentence.push_back("Hello,");
    sentence.push_back("how");
    sentence.push_back("are");
    sentence.push_back("you");
    sentence.push_back("?");
    // assign "!" to the last element
    sentence.back() = "!";
    // print elements separated with spaces
    copy (sentence.begin(), sentence.end(),
          ostream_iterator<string>(cout," "));
    cout << endl;
}
Hello, how are you !

Computing an inner product of tuples represented as vectors

#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
  const long N = 600000; // Length of tuples x and y
  const long S = 10;     // Sparseness factor
  vector<double> x(N), y(N);

  for (long k = 0; 3 * k * S < N; ++k)
    x[3 * k * S] = 1.0;
  for (long k = 0; 5 * k * S < N; ++k)
    y[5 * k * S] = 1.0;
  double sum = 0.0;
  for (long k = 0; k < N; ++k)
    sum += x[k] * y[k];
  cout << sum << endl;
  return 0;
}
4000

creates a vector of 10 ints with value 100

#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
  vector<int> intVector(10, 100); // creates a vector of 10 ints with value 100
  return (0);
}

creates a vector of ints with zero elements

#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
  vector<int> intVector; // creates a vector of ints with zero elements
  return (0);
}

Demonstrating STL vector constructors with a user-defined type

#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
class MyClass {
public:
  unsigned long id;
  MyClass() : id(0) { }
  MyClass(unsigned long x) : id(x) { }

};
bool operator==(const MyClass& x, const MyClass& y) {
  return x.id == y.id;
}
bool operator!=(const MyClass& x, const MyClass& y)
{
  return x.id != y.id;
}

int main()
{
  vector<MyClass> vector1, vector2(3);
  assert (vector1.size() == 0);
  assert (vector2.size() == 3);
  assert (vector2[0] == MyClass() && vector2[1] == MyClass() &&vector2[2] == MyClass());
  assert (vector2 == vector<MyClass>(3, MyClass()));
  return 0;
}

Demonstrating STL vector constructors with a user-defined type and showing copying explicitly

#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
class MyClass {
public:
  unsigned long id;
  unsigned long generation;
  static unsigned long total_copies;
  MyClass() : id(0), generation(0) { }
  MyClass(unsigned long n) : id(n), generation(0) { }
  MyClass(const MyClass& z) : id(z.id), generation(z.generation + 1) {
    ++total_copies;
  }
};
bool operator==(const MyClass& x, const MyClass& y)
{
  return x.id == y.id;
}
bool operator!=(const MyClass& x, const MyClass& y)
{
  return x.id != y.id;
}
unsigned long MyClass::total_copies = 0;
int main()
{
  vector<MyClass> vector1, vector2(3);
  assert (vector1.size() == 0);
  assert (vector2.size() == 3);
  assert (vector2[0] == MyClass() && vector2[1] == MyClass() &&
          vector2[2] == MyClass());
  for (int i = 0; i != 3; ++i)
    cout << "vector2[" << i << "].generation: " << vector2[i].generation << endl;
  cout << "Total copies: " << MyClass::total_copies << endl;
  return 0;
}
vector2[0].generation: 1
vector2[1].generation: 1
vector2[2].generation: 1
Total copies: 3

Demonstrating STL vector copying constructors

#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
  char name[] = "abcedfghijklmn";
  vector<char> George(name, name + 6);
  vector<char> son1(George); // Uses copy constructor
  assert (son1 == George);
  return 0;
}

Demonstrating the simplest STL vector constructors: duplicate chars

#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
  vector<char> vector2(3, "x");
  assert (vector2.size() == 3);
  assert (vector2[0] == "x" && vector2[1] == "x" && vector2[2] == "x");
  assert (vector2 == vector<char>(3, "x"));
  return 0;
}

Demonstrating the simplest STL vector constructors: empty vector

#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
  vector<char> vector1;
  cout << vector1.size();
  return 0;
}
0

get an iterator that points to the maximum with max_element

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
   vector<int> v( 10, 66 );
   v[1] = 100;
   // get an iterator that points to the maximum
   vector<int>::iterator before_itr = max_element( v.begin(), v.end() );
   cout << "The maximum before resizing is " << *before_itr;
}

Instantiate one vector and initialize it to the contents of another

#include <vector>
int main ()
{
   std::vector <int> v;
   // Instantiate a vector with 10 elements (it can grow larger)
   std::vector <int> v1 (10);
   // Instantiate a vector with 10 elements, each initialized to 90
   std::vector <int> v2 (10, 90);
   // Instantiate one vector and initialize it to the contents of another
   std::vector <int> v3 (v2);
   return 0;
}

Pass vector to a function

#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
#include <vector>
using std::vector;
template < typename T > void printVector( const vector< T > &integers2 );
int main()
{
   int array[ 6 ] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }; // initialize array
   vector< int > integers; // create vector of ints
   integers.push_back( 2 );
   integers.push_back( 3 );
   integers.push_back( 4 );
   printVector( integers );
   cout << endl;
   return 0;
}
template < typename T > void printVector( const vector< T > &integers2 ){
   typename vector< T >::const_iterator constIterator;
   for ( constIterator = integers2.begin();
      constIterator != integers2.end(); ++constIterator )
      cout << *constIterator << " ";
}
2 3 4

Read keyboard input to a vector

/* The following code example is taken from the book
 * "The C++ Standard Library - A Tutorial and Reference"
 * by Nicolai M. Josuttis, Addison-Wesley, 1999
 *
 * (C) Copyright Nicolai M. Josuttis 1999.
 * Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and distribute this software
 * is granted provided this copyright notice appears in all copies.
 * This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
 * warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
 */
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    /* create a string vector
     * - initialized by all words from standard input
     */
    vector<string> coll((istream_iterator<string>(cin)),
                        istream_iterator<string>());
    // sort elements
    sort (coll.begin(), coll.end());
    // print all elements ignoring subsequent duplicates
    unique_copy (coll.begin(), coll.end(),
                 ostream_iterator<string>(cout, "\n"));
}
Terminate batch job (Y/N)? n

The Instantiation of vector<bool>

#include <vector>
int main ()
{
    using namespace std;
    // Instantiate an object using the default constructor
    vector <bool> vecBool1;
    // A vector of 10 elements with value true (default: false)
    vector <bool> vecBool2 (10, true);
    // Instantiate one object as a copy of another
    vector <bool> vecBool2Copy (vecBool2);
    return 0;
}

Use generic vector to create vector of chars

#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>  // For find
using namespace std;

int main()
{
  char x[5] = {"a", "b", "c", "d", "f"};
  vector<char> vector1(&x[0], &x[5]);
  // Search for the first occurrence
  vector<char>::iterator where = find(vector1.begin(), vector1.end(), "b");

  cout << *where  << endl;
  return 0;
}
b

Use generic vector to create vector of integers

#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>  // For find
using namespace std;

int main()
{
  int x[5] = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10};
  vector<int> vector1(&x[0], &x[5]);
  // Search for the first occurrence
  vector<int>::iterator where = find(vector1.begin(), vector1.end(), 4);

  cout << *where  << endl;
  return 0;
}
4

Use generic vector to create vector of strings

// Demonstrating the generic find algorithm with a vector
#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>  // For find
using namespace std;

int main()
{
  string x[5] = {"1234", "2345", "3456", "4567", "0987"};
  vector<string> vector1(&x[0], &x[5]);
  // Search for the first occurrence
  vector<string>::iterator where = find(vector1.begin(), vector1.end(), "1234");

  cout << *where  << endl;
  return 0;
}
1234

Using the vector<bool>

#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
int main ()
{
    using namespace std;
    // Instantiate a vector<bool> to hold 3 elements
    vector <bool> vecBool (3);
    // Assign 3 elements using the array operator []
    vecBool [0] = true;
    vecBool [1] = true;
    vecBool [2] = false;
    // Insert a 4th element using push_back:
    // this will cause the vector to resize the buffer
    vecBool.push_back (true);
    cout << "The contents of the vector are: " << endl << "{";
    for (size_t nIndex = 0; nIndex < vecBool.size (); ++ nIndex)
        cout << vecBool [nIndex] << " ";
    cout << "}" << endl << endl;
    vecBool.flip ();
    cout << "The flipped contents of the vector are: " << endl << "{";
    for (size_t nIndex = 0; nIndex < vecBool.size (); ++ nIndex)
        cout << vecBool [nIndex] << " ";
    cout << "}";
    return 0;
}

Vector Init Array

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
void print( vector<int> );
int main()
{
    int data[] = {11, 12, 23, 34};
    int size = sizeof( data ) / sizeof( data[0] );
    vector<int> vec( data, &data[ size ] );
    print( vec );           // 11 12 23 34
    return 0;
}
void print( vector<int> vec ) {
    vector<int>::iterator p = vec.begin();
    while ( p < vec.end() )
      cout << *p++ << " ";
    cout << endl;
}
Источник — «http://cppe.ru/index.php?title=C%2B%2B_Tutorial/vector/vector&oldid=2174»