Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\PHPSessionHandler::open($save_path, $session_name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php on line 199
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\PHPSessionHandler::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php on line 214
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\PHPSessionHandler::read($id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php on line 228
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\PHPSessionHandler::write($id, $dataStr) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php on line 256
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\PHPSessionHandler::destroy($id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php on line 362
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\PHPSessionHandler::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php on line 383
Warning: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php on line 126
Warning: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php on line 127
Warning: session_cache_limiter(): Session cache limiter cannot be changed after headers have already been sent in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php on line 133
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Warning: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php on line 140
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Return type of Wikimedia\Rdbms\IResultWrapper::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/libs/rdbms/database/resultwrapper/IResultWrapper.php on line 70
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Return type of Wikimedia\Rdbms\IResultWrapper::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/libs/rdbms/database/resultwrapper/IResultWrapper.php on line 80
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Return type of Wikimedia\Rdbms\IResultWrapper::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/libs/rdbms/database/resultwrapper/IResultWrapper.php on line 75
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Return type of Wikimedia\Rdbms\ResultWrapper::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/libs/rdbms/database/resultwrapper/ResultWrapper.php on line 117
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Return type of Wikimedia\Rdbms\ResultWrapper::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/libs/rdbms/database/resultwrapper/ResultWrapper.php on line 90
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::count() should either be compatible with Countable::count(): int, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/session/Session.php on line 624
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/session/Session.php on line 629
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/session/Session.php on line 639
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/session/Session.php on line 634
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/session/Session.php on line 649
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/session/Session.php on line 644
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::offsetExists($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/session/Session.php on line 659
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Return type of & MediaWiki\Session\Session::offsetGet($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/session/Session.php on line 672
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::offsetSet($offset, $value) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/session/Session.php on line 681
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::offsetUnset($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/session/Session.php on line 685
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Message implements the Serializable interface, which is deprecated. Implement __serialize() and __unserialize() instead (or in addition, if support for old PHP versions is necessary) in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/Message.php on line 159
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: RawMessage implements the Serializable interface, which is deprecated. Implement __serialize() and __unserialize() instead (or in addition, if support for old PHP versions is necessary) in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/RawMessage.php on line 34
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property RequestContext::$recursion is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/context/RequestContext.php on line 354
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
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http://cppe.ru/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=C%2B%2B_Tutorial%2Ftemplate%2Fgeneric_stackC++ Tutorial/template/generic stack - История изменений2026-11-08T04:23:27ZИстория изменений этой страницы в викиMediaWiki 1.30.0 Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
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http://cppe.ru/index.php?title=C%2B%2B_Tutorial/template/generic_stack&diff=2591&oldid=prev в 14:21, 25 мая 20102010-05-25T14:21:17Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface">
<tr style="vertical-align: top;" lang="ru">
<td colspan="1" style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Предыдущая</td>
<td colspan="1" style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Версия 14:21, 25 мая 2010</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" lang="ru"><div class="mw-diff-empty">(нет различий)</div>
</td></tr></table> Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
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http://cppe.ru/index.php?title=C%2B%2B_Tutorial/template/generic_stack&diff=2592&oldid=prevAdmin: 1 версия: Импорт контента...2010-05-25T10:30:04Z<p>1 версия: Импорт контента...</p>
<p><b>Новая страница</b></p><div>==A generic stack with size 10==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<source lang="cpp">#include <iostream><br />
using namespace std;<br />
const int SIZE = 10;<br />
template <class StackType> class stack {<br />
StackType stck[SIZE];<br />
int tos;<br />
public:<br />
stack() {<br />
tos = 0;<br />
}<br />
void push(StackType ob)<br />
{<br />
if(tos==SIZE) {<br />
cout << "Stack is full.\n";<br />
return;<br />
}<br />
stck[tos] = ob;<br />
tos++;<br />
}<br />
StackType pop()<br />
{<br />
if(tos==0) {<br />
cout << "Stack is empty.\n";<br />
return 0; // return null on empty stack<br />
}<br />
tos--;<br />
return stck[tos];<br />
}<br />
};<br />
int main() {<br />
stack<char> s1, s2;<br />
s1.push("a");<br />
s2.push("x");<br />
s1.push("b");<br />
s2.push("y");<br />
s1.push("c");<br />
s2.push("z");<br />
for(int i=0; i<3; i++)<br />
cout << "Pop s1: " << s1.pop() << "\n";<br />
for(int i=0; i<3; i++)<br />
cout << "Pop s2: " << s2.pop() << "\n";<br />
stack<double> ds1, ds2;<br />
ds1.push(1.1);<br />
ds2.push(2.2);<br />
ds1.push(3.3);<br />
ds2.push(4.4);<br />
ds1.push(5.5);<br />
ds2.push(6.6);<br />
for(int i=0; i<3; i++)<br />
cout << "Pop ds1: " << ds1.pop() << "\n";<br />
for(int i=0; i<3; i++)<br />
cout << "Pop ds2: " << ds2.pop() << "\n";<br />
return 0;<br />
}</source><br />
<pre class=codeResult>Pop s1: c<br />
Pop s1: b<br />
Pop s1: a<br />
Pop s2: z<br />
Pop s2: y<br />
Pop s2: x<br />
Pop ds1: 5.5<br />
Pop ds1: 3.3<br />
Pop ds1: 1.1<br />
Pop ds2: 6.6<br />
Pop ds2: 4.4<br />
Pop ds2: 2.2</pre><br />
<br />
==Generic Stack==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<source lang="cpp">#include <iostream><br />
using std::cout;<br />
using std::endl;<br />
template< typename T ><br />
class Stack <br />
{<br />
public:<br />
template< typename T ><br />
Stack( int s ): size( s > 0 ? s : 10 ),top( -1 ),stackPtr( new T[ size ] ){<br />
}<br />
<br />
~Stack() <br />
{ <br />
delete [] stackPtr;<br />
}<br />
bool push( const T &pushValue )<br />
{<br />
if ( !isFull() ) <br />
{<br />
stackPtr[ ++top ] = pushValue;<br />
return true;<br />
}<br />
<br />
return false;<br />
}<br />
bool pop( T &popValue )<br />
{<br />
if ( !isEmpty() ) <br />
{<br />
popValue = stackPtr[ top-- ];<br />
return true;<br />
}<br />
<br />
return false;<br />
}<br />
bool isEmpty() const <br />
{ <br />
return top == -1; <br />
}<br />
bool isFull() const <br />
{ <br />
return top == size - 1; <br />
}<br />
private:<br />
int size;<br />
int top; <br />
T *stackPtr;<br />
};<br />
int main()<br />
{<br />
Stack< double > doubleStack( 5 ); // size 5<br />
double doubleValue = 1.1;<br />
cout << "Pushing elements onto doubleStack\n";<br />
while ( doubleStack.push( doubleValue ) ) <br />
{ <br />
cout << doubleValue << " ";<br />
doubleValue += 1.1;<br />
}<br />
while ( doubleStack.pop( doubleValue ) )<br />
cout << doubleValue << " ";<br />
Stack< int > intStack; // default size 10<br />
int intValue = 1;<br />
cout << "\nPushing elements onto intStack\n";<br />
while ( intStack.push( intValue ) ) <br />
{<br />
cout << intValue << " ";<br />
intValue++;<br />
}<br />
while ( intStack.pop( intValue ) ) <br />
cout << intValue << " ";<br />
return 0;<br />
}</source><br />
<pre class=codeResult>7.7<br />
Exception: Stack<>::top(): empty stack<br />
7</pre><br />
<br />
==Generic stack based on vector==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<source lang="cpp">/* The following code example is taken from the book<br />
* "C++ Templates - The Complete Guide"<br />
* by David Vandevoorde and Nicolai M. Josuttis, Addison-Wesley, 2002<br />
*<br />
* (C) Copyright David Vandevoorde and Nicolai M. Josuttis 2002.<br />
* Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and distribute this software<br />
* is granted provided this copyright notice appears in all copies.<br />
* This software is provided "as is" without express or implied<br />
* warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.<br />
*/<br />
#include <iostream><br />
#include <deque><br />
#include <cstdlib><br />
#include <vector><br />
#include <stdexcept><br />
template <typename T, typename CONT = std::vector<T> ><br />
class Stack {<br />
private:<br />
CONT elems; // elements<br />
public:<br />
void push(T const&); // push element<br />
void pop(); // pop element<br />
T top() const; // return top element<br />
bool empty() const { // return whether the stack is empty<br />
return elems.empty();<br />
}<br />
};<br />
template <typename T, typename CONT><br />
void Stack<T,CONT>::push (T const& elem)<br />
{<br />
elems.push_back(elem); // append copy of passed elem<br />
}<br />
template <typename T, typename CONT><br />
void Stack<T,CONT>::pop ()<br />
{<br />
if (elems.empty()) {<br />
throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::pop(): empty stack");<br />
}<br />
elems.pop_back(); // remove last element<br />
}<br />
template <typename T, typename CONT><br />
T Stack<T,CONT>::top () const<br />
{<br />
if (elems.empty()) {<br />
throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::top(): empty stack");<br />
}<br />
return elems.back(); // return copy of last element<br />
}<br />
<br />
int main()<br />
{<br />
try {<br />
// stack of ints:<br />
Stack<int> intStack;<br />
// stack of doubles which uses a std::deque<> to manage the elements<br />
Stack<double,std::deque<double> > dblStack;<br />
// manipulate int stack<br />
intStack.push(7);<br />
std::cout << intStack.top() << std::endl;<br />
intStack.pop();<br />
// manipulate double stack<br />
dblStack.push(42.42);<br />
std::cout << dblStack.top() << std::endl;<br />
dblStack.pop();<br />
dblStack.pop();<br />
}<br />
catch (std::exception const& ex) {<br />
std::cerr << "Exception: " << ex.what() << std::endl;<br />
return EXIT_FAILURE; // exit program with ERROR status<br />
}<br />
}</source><br />
<pre class=codeResult>7<br />
42.42<br />
Exception: Stack<>::pop(): empty stack</pre><br />
<br />
==Generic stack with deque==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<source lang="cpp">/* The following code example is taken from the book<br />
* "C++ Templates - The Complete Guide"<br />
* by David Vandevoorde and Nicolai M. Josuttis, Addison-Wesley, 2002<br />
*<br />
* (C) Copyright David Vandevoorde and Nicolai M. Josuttis 2002.<br />
* Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and distribute this software<br />
* is granted provided this copyright notice appears in all copies.<br />
* This software is provided "as is" without express or implied<br />
* warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.<br />
*/<br />
#include <iostream><br />
#include <string><br />
#include <cstdlib><br />
#include <vector><br />
<br />
#include <deque><br />
#include <stdexcept><br />
template <typename T,<br />
template <typename ELEM> class CONT = std::deque ><br />
class Stack {<br />
private:<br />
CONT<T> elems; // elements<br />
public:<br />
void push(T const&); // push element<br />
void pop(); // pop element<br />
T top() const; // return top element<br />
bool empty() const { // return whether the stack is empty<br />
return elems.empty();<br />
}<br />
};<br />
<br />
template <typename T, template <typename> class CONT><br />
void Stack<T,CONT>::push (T const& elem)<br />
{<br />
elems.push_back(elem); // append copy of passed elem<br />
}<br />
template<typename T, template <typename> class CONT><br />
void Stack<T,CONT>::pop ()<br />
{<br />
if (elems.empty()) {<br />
throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::pop(): empty stack");<br />
}<br />
elems.pop_back(); // remove last element<br />
}<br />
template <typename T, template <typename> class CONT><br />
T Stack<T,CONT>::top () const<br />
{<br />
if (elems.empty()) {<br />
throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::top(): empty stack");<br />
}<br />
return elems.back(); // return copy of last element<br />
}<br />
int main()<br />
{<br />
try {<br />
Stack<int> intStack; // stack of ints<br />
Stack<float> floatStack; // stack of floats<br />
// manipulate int stack<br />
intStack.push(42);<br />
intStack.push(7);<br />
// manipulate float stack<br />
floatStack.push(7.7);<br />
// print float stack<br />
std::cout << floatStack.top() << std::endl;<br />
floatStack.pop();<br />
std::cout << floatStack.top() << std::endl;<br />
floatStack.pop();<br />
std::cout << floatStack.top() << std::endl;<br />
floatStack.pop();<br />
}<br />
catch (std::exception const& ex) {<br />
std::cerr << "Exception: " << ex.what() << std::endl;<br />
}<br />
// stack for ints using a vector as an internal container<br />
Stack<int,std::vector> vStack;<br />
//...<br />
vStack.push(42);<br />
vStack.push(7);<br />
std::cout << vStack.top() << std::endl;<br />
vStack.pop();<br />
}</source><br />
<pre class=codeResult>7.7<br />
Exception: Stack<>::top(): empty stack<br />
7</pre><br />
<br />
==Max size as the parameter for a generic stack==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<source lang="cpp">/* The following code example is taken from the book<br />
* "C++ Templates - The Complete Guide"<br />
* by David Vandevoorde and Nicolai M. Josuttis, Addison-Wesley, 2002<br />
*<br />
* (C) Copyright David Vandevoorde and Nicolai M. Josuttis 2002.<br />
* Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and distribute this software<br />
* is granted provided this copyright notice appears in all copies.<br />
* This software is provided "as is" without express or implied<br />
* warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.<br />
*/<br />
#include <iostream><br />
#include <string><br />
#include <cstdlib><br />
#include <stdexcept><br />
template <typename T, int MAXSIZE><br />
class Stack {<br />
private:<br />
T elems[MAXSIZE]; // elements<br />
int numElems; // current number of elements<br />
public:<br />
Stack(); // constructor<br />
void push(T const&); // push element<br />
void pop(); // pop element<br />
T top() const; // return top element<br />
bool empty() const { // return whether the stack is empty<br />
return numElems == 0;<br />
}<br />
bool full() const { // return whether the stack is full<br />
return numElems == MAXSIZE;<br />
}<br />
};<br />
// constructor<br />
template <typename T, int MAXSIZE><br />
Stack<T,MAXSIZE>::Stack ()<br />
: numElems(0) // start with no elements<br />
{<br />
// nothing else to do<br />
}<br />
template <typename T, int MAXSIZE><br />
void Stack<T,MAXSIZE>::push (T const& elem)<br />
{<br />
if (numElems == MAXSIZE) {<br />
throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::push(): stack is full");<br />
}<br />
elems[numElems] = elem; // append element<br />
++numElems; // increment number of elements<br />
}<br />
template<typename T, int MAXSIZE><br />
void Stack<T,MAXSIZE>::pop ()<br />
{<br />
if (numElems <= 0) {<br />
throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::pop(): empty stack");<br />
}<br />
--numElems; // decrement number of elements<br />
}<br />
template <typename T, int MAXSIZE><br />
T Stack<T,MAXSIZE>::top () const<br />
{<br />
if (numElems <= 0) {<br />
throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::top(): empty stack");<br />
}<br />
return elems[numElems-1]; // return last element<br />
}<br />
<br />
int main()<br />
{<br />
try {<br />
Stack<int,20> int20Stack; // stack of up to 20 ints<br />
Stack<int,40> int40Stack; // stack of up to 40 ints<br />
Stack<std::string,40> stringStack; // stack of up to 40 strings<br />
// manipulate stack of up to 20 ints<br />
int20Stack.push(7);<br />
std::cout << int20Stack.top() << std::endl;<br />
int20Stack.pop();<br />
// manipulate stack of up to 40 strings<br />
stringStack.push("hello");<br />
std::cout << stringStack.top() << std::endl;<br />
stringStack.pop();<br />
stringStack.pop();<br />
}<br />
catch (std::exception const& ex) {<br />
std::cerr << "Exception: " << ex.what() << std::endl;<br />
return EXIT_FAILURE; // exit program with ERROR status<br />
}<br />
}</source><br />
<pre class=codeResult>7<br />
hello<br />
Exception: Stack<>::pop(): empty stack</pre><br />
<br />
==template stack based on deque==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<source lang="cpp">/* The following code example is taken from the book<br />
* "C++ Templates - The Complete Guide"<br />
* by David Vandevoorde and Nicolai M. Josuttis, Addison-Wesley, 2002<br />
*<br />
* (C) Copyright David Vandevoorde and Nicolai M. Josuttis 2002.<br />
* Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and distribute this software<br />
* is granted provided this copyright notice appears in all copies.<br />
* This software is provided "as is" without express or implied<br />
* warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.<br />
*/<br />
#include <iostream><br />
#include <string><br />
#include <cstdlib><br />
<br />
#include <deque><br />
#include <stdexcept><br />
template <typename T><br />
class Stack {<br />
private:<br />
std::deque<T> elems; // elements<br />
public:<br />
void push(T const&); // push element<br />
void pop(); // pop element<br />
T top() const; // return top element<br />
bool empty() const { // return whether the stack is empty<br />
return elems.empty();<br />
}<br />
// assign stack of elements of type T2<br />
template <typename T2><br />
Stack<T>& operator= (Stack<T2> const&);<br />
};<br />
<br />
template <typename T><br />
template <typename T2><br />
Stack<T>& Stack<T>::operator= (Stack<T2> const& op2)<br />
{<br />
if ((void*)this == (void*)&op2) { // assignment to itself?<br />
return *this;<br />
}<br />
Stack<T2> tmp(op2); // create a copy of the assigned stack<br />
elems.clear(); // remove existing elements<br />
while (!tmp.empty()) { // copy all elements<br />
elems.push_front(tmp.top());<br />
tmp.pop();<br />
}<br />
return *this;<br />
}<br />
<br />
template <typename T><br />
void Stack<T>::push (T const& elem)<br />
{<br />
elems.push_back(elem); // append copy of passed elem<br />
}<br />
template<typename T><br />
void Stack<T>::pop ()<br />
{<br />
if (elems.empty()) {<br />
throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::pop(): empty stack");<br />
}<br />
elems.pop_back(); // remove last element<br />
}<br />
template <typename T><br />
T Stack<T>::top () const<br />
{<br />
if (elems.empty()) {<br />
throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::top(): empty stack");<br />
}<br />
return elems.back(); // return copy of last element<br />
}<br />
<br />
int main()<br />
{<br />
try {<br />
Stack<int> intStack; // stack of ints<br />
Stack<float> floatStack; // stack of floats<br />
// manipulate int stack<br />
intStack.push(42);<br />
intStack.push(7);<br />
// manipulate float stack<br />
floatStack.push(7.7);<br />
// assign stacks of different type<br />
floatStack = intStack;<br />
// print float stack<br />
std::cout << floatStack.top() << std::endl;<br />
floatStack.pop();<br />
std::cout << floatStack.top() << std::endl;<br />
floatStack.pop();<br />
std::cout << floatStack.top() << std::endl;<br />
floatStack.pop();<br />
}<br />
catch (std::exception const& ex) {<br />
std::cerr << "Exception: " << ex.what() << std::endl;<br />
return EXIT_FAILURE; // exit program with ERROR status<br />
}<br />
}</source><br />
<pre class=codeResult>7<br />
42<br />
Exception: Stack<>::top(): empty stack</pre><br />
<br />
==template string stack==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<source lang="cpp">/* The following code example is taken from the book<br />
* "C++ Templates - The Complete Guide"<br />
* by David Vandevoorde and Nicolai M. Josuttis, Addison-Wesley, 2002<br />
*<br />
* (C) Copyright David Vandevoorde and Nicolai M. Josuttis 2002.<br />
* Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and distribute this software<br />
* is granted provided this copyright notice appears in all copies.<br />
* This software is provided "as is" without express or implied<br />
* warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.<br />
*/<br />
#include <deque><br />
#include <string><br />
#include <stdexcept><br />
#include <iostream><br />
#include <cstdlib><br />
#include <vector><br />
template <typename T><br />
class Stack {<br />
private:<br />
std::vector<T> elems; // elements<br />
public:<br />
void push(T const&); // push element<br />
void pop(); // pop element<br />
T top() const; // return top element<br />
bool empty() const { // return whether the stack is empty<br />
return elems.empty();<br />
}<br />
};<br />
template <typename T><br />
void Stack<T>::push (T const& elem)<br />
{<br />
elems.push_back(elem); // append copy of passed elem<br />
}<br />
template<typename T><br />
void Stack<T>::pop ()<br />
{<br />
if (elems.empty()) {<br />
throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::pop(): empty stack");<br />
}<br />
elems.pop_back(); // remove last element<br />
}<br />
template <typename T><br />
T Stack<T>::top () const<br />
{<br />
if (elems.empty()) {<br />
throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::top(): empty stack");<br />
}<br />
return elems.back(); // return copy of last element<br />
}<br />
<br />
template<><br />
class Stack<std::string> {<br />
private:<br />
std::deque<std::string> elems; // elements<br />
public:<br />
void push(std::string const&); // push element<br />
void pop(); // pop element<br />
std::string top() const; // return top element<br />
bool empty() const { // return whether the stack is empty<br />
return elems.empty();<br />
}<br />
};<br />
void Stack<std::string>::push (std::string const& elem)<br />
{<br />
elems.push_back(elem); // append copy of passed elem<br />
}<br />
void Stack<std::string>::pop ()<br />
{<br />
if (elems.empty()) {<br />
throw std::out_of_range<br />
("Stack<std::string>::pop(): empty stack");<br />
}<br />
elems.pop_back(); // remove last element<br />
}<br />
std::string Stack<std::string>::top () const<br />
{<br />
if (elems.empty()) {<br />
throw std::out_of_range<br />
("Stack<std::string>::top(): empty stack");<br />
}<br />
return elems.back(); // return copy of last element<br />
}<br />
<br />
int main()<br />
{<br />
try {<br />
Stack<int> intStack; // stack of ints<br />
Stack<std::string> stringStack; // stack of strings<br />
// manipulate int stack<br />
intStack.push(7);<br />
std::cout << intStack.top() << std::endl;<br />
intStack.pop();<br />
// manipulate string stack<br />
stringStack.push("hello");<br />
std::cout << stringStack.top() << std::endl;<br />
stringStack.pop();<br />
stringStack.pop();<br />
}<br />
catch (std::exception const& ex) {<br />
std::cerr << "Exception: " << ex.what() << std::endl;<br />
return EXIT_FAILURE; // exit program with ERROR status<br />
}<br />
}</source><br />
<pre class=codeResult>7<br />
hello<br />
Exception: Stack<std::string>::pop(): empty stack</pre><br />
<br />
==Use generic stack to store another container==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<source lang="cpp">/* The following code example is taken from the book<br />
* "C++ Templates - The Complete Guide"<br />
* by David Vandevoorde and Nicolai M. Josuttis, Addison-Wesley, 2002<br />
*<br />
* (C) Copyright David Vandevoorde and Nicolai M. Josuttis 2002.<br />
* Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and distribute this software<br />
* is granted provided this copyright notice appears in all copies.<br />
* This software is provided "as is" without express or implied<br />
* warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.<br />
*/<br />
#include <iostream><br />
#include <string><br />
#include <cstdlib><br />
#include <vector><br />
<br />
#include <deque><br />
#include <stdexcept><br />
template <typename T, typename CONT = std::deque<T> ><br />
class Stack {<br />
private:<br />
CONT elems; // elements<br />
public:<br />
void push(T const&); // push element<br />
void pop(); // pop element<br />
T top() const; // return top element<br />
bool empty() const { // return whether the stack is empty<br />
return elems.empty();<br />
}<br />
// assign stack of elements of type T2<br />
template <typename T2, typename CONT2><br />
Stack<T,CONT>& operator= (Stack<T2,CONT2> const&);<br />
};<br />
template <typename T, typename CONT><br />
template <typename T2, typename CONT2><br />
Stack<T,CONT>&<br />
Stack<T,CONT>::operator= (Stack<T2,CONT2> const& op2)<br />
{<br />
if ((void*)this == (void*)&op2) { // assignment to itself?<br />
return *this;<br />
}<br />
Stack<T2,CONT2> tmp(op2); // create a copy of the assigned stack<br />
elems.clear(); // remove existing elements<br />
while (!tmp.empty()) { // copy all elements<br />
elems.push_front(tmp.top());<br />
tmp.pop();<br />
}<br />
return *this;<br />
}<br />
<br />
template <typename T, typename CONT><br />
void Stack<T,CONT>::push (T const& elem)<br />
{<br />
elems.push_back(elem); // append copy of passed elem<br />
}<br />
template<typename T, typename CONT><br />
void Stack<T,CONT>::pop ()<br />
{<br />
if (elems.empty()) {<br />
throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::pop(): empty stack");<br />
}<br />
elems.pop_back(); // remove last element<br />
}<br />
template <typename T, typename CONT><br />
T Stack<T,CONT>::top () const<br />
{<br />
if (elems.empty()) {<br />
throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::top(): empty stack");<br />
}<br />
return elems.back(); // return copy of last element<br />
}<br />
<br />
int main()<br />
{<br />
try {<br />
Stack<int> intStack; // stack of ints<br />
Stack<float> floatStack; // stack of floats<br />
// manipulate int stack<br />
intStack.push(42);<br />
intStack.push(7);<br />
// manipulate float stack<br />
floatStack.push(7.7);<br />
// assign stacks of different type<br />
floatStack = intStack;<br />
// print float stack<br />
std::cout << floatStack.top() << std::endl;<br />
floatStack.pop();<br />
std::cout << floatStack.top() << std::endl;<br />
floatStack.pop();<br />
std::cout << floatStack.top() << std::endl;<br />
floatStack.pop();<br />
}<br />
catch (std::exception const& ex) {<br />
std::cerr << "Exception: " << ex.what() << std::endl;<br />
}<br />
// stack for ints using a vector as an internal container<br />
Stack<int,std::vector<int> > vStack;<br />
//...<br />
vStack.push(42);<br />
vStack.push(7);<br />
std::cout << vStack.top() << std::endl;<br />
vStack.pop();<br />
}</source><br />
<pre class=codeResult>7<br />
42<br />
Exception: Stack<>::top(): empty stack<br />
7</pre></div>Admin Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/includes/exception/MWExceptionHandler.php on line 179
Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /var/www/cppe.ru/www/vendor/mediawiki/at-ease/src/Functions.php on line 48